Mongol Empire

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Osoby w tym drzewie genealogicznym

• Börte · 1161–1230 — First wife and principal empress of Genghis Khan; mother of his four heirs, through whom every later khan claimed legitimacy.
• Genghis Khan · 1162–08/18/1227 · Khentii, Mongolia → Yinchuan, China — Temüjin, founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (reigned 1206–1227); he united the steppe tribes into the largest contiguous land empire in history.
• Jochi · 1182–1227 · Khentii, Mongolia → Kazakhstan — Eldest son of Genghis Khan; his descendants ruled the Golden Horde over the western steppe and the Rus’ lands.
• Chagatai · 1183–1242 · Khentii, Mongolia → Almalik — Second son of Genghis Khan; keeper of the Yassa law code and founder of the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia.
• Ögedei · 1186–12/11/1241 · Khentii, Mongolia → Karakorum, Mongolia — Third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan (reigned 1229–1241); he built the imperial capital at Karakorum and drove the campaigns into China and Europe.
• Sorghaghtani Beki · 1190–1252 · China — Wife of Tolui and a Kereit princess; mother of four sons who each became khan, she steered the Toluid line to supreme power.
• Tolui · 1191–1232 · Khentii, Mongolia → Mongolia — Youngest son of Genghis Khan; his sons would rule as Great Khan and found both the Yuan dynasty of China and the Ilkhanate of Persia.
• Batu Khan · 1205–1255 · Mongolia → Sarai, Russia — Son of Jochi; he led the Mongol invasion of Europe and founded the Golden Horde, ruling from Sarai on the Volga.
• Güyük Khan · 1206–1248 · Mongolia → Mongolia — Son of Ögedei and third Great Khan (reigned 1246–1248); he received the embassy of Giovanni da Pian del Carpine and the letter of Pope Innocent IV.
• Berke · 1208–1266 · Mongolia → Sarai, Russia — Son of Jochi and khan of the Golden Horde; the first Mongol ruler to convert to Islam, he went to war with his cousin Hülegü.
• Möngke Khan · 1209–08/11/1259 · Mongolia → Chongqing, China — Eldest son of Tolui and fourth Great Khan (reigned 1251–1259); he died on campaign besieging a fortress in southern China.
• Kublai Khan · 09/23/1215–02/18/1294 · Mongolia → Khanbaliq, China — Son of Tolui; fifth Great Khan and founder of the Yuan dynasty of China (reigned 1260–1294), whose court Marco Polo described to Europe.
• Hülegü Khan · 1217–1265 · Mongolia → Maragheh, Iran — Son of Tolui; he sacked Baghdad in 1258 and founded the Ilkhanate, the Mongol dynasty of Persia.
• Ariq Böke · 1219–1266 · Mongolia → Karakorum, Mongolia — Youngest son of Tolui; he contested the office of Great Khan against his brother Kublai in a four-year Toluid civil war.
• Chabi · 1225–1281 · Khanbaliq, China — Principal empress of Kublai Khan; a Nestorian Christian whose counsel shaped early Yuan court policy.
• Abaqa Khan · 1234–1282 · Mongolia → Hamadan, Iran — Son of Hülegü and second Ilkhan of Persia (reigned 1265–1282); he sought alliances with the Christian powers against the Mamluks of Egypt.
• Zhenjin · 1243–1286 · Mongolia → Khanbaliq, China — Crown prince of Kublai Khan, schooled in Confucian governance; he died before his father, and his own son Temür succeeded to the throne.
• Arghun · 1258–1291 · Iran → Iran — Son of Abaqa and Ilkhan of Persia (reigned 1284–1291); he sent envoys to the kings of Europe proposing a joint crusade against the Mamluks.
• Temür Khan · 1265–1307 · China → Khanbaliq, China — Son of Zhenjin; Great Khan and Yuan emperor Chengzong (reigned 1294–1307), the grandson and successor of Kublai.
• Ghazan · 11/05/1271–05/11/1304 · Iran → Qazvin, Iran — Son of Arghun and Ilkhan of Persia (reigned 1295–1304); he converted to Islam and reformed the Mongol state of Persia, sponsoring Rashid al-Din’s world history.
• Yesügei · ?–1171 · Khentii, Mongolia → Khentii, Mongolia — Chieftain of the Borjigin Mongols and father of Temüjin; poisoned by Tatars while his eldest son was still a boy.
• Hoelun · ? — Mother of Genghis Khan; she held the family together through years of hardship after Yesügei’s death.
• Töregene Khatun · ?–1246 · Karakorum, Mongolia — Wife of Ögedei; she ruled the empire as regent from 1241 until the election of her son Güyük.